Start with the topic guide.
Parsing HTML, the DOM, the CSSOM, the render tree, layout, paint, compositing, the JavaScript engine, the browser event loop, the request lifecycle, browser caching, the same-origin policy, browser storage, and service workers.
This is a learning outline. A complete worked tutorial has not been published for this topic yet.
Concept scope
How Browsers Work: 14 short lessons, one for each concept. Parsing HTML, the DOM, the CSSOM, the render tree, layout, paint, compositing, the JavaScript engine, the browser event loop, the request lifecycle, browser caching, the same-origin policy, browser storage, and service workers.